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2024 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

Autonomous Driving in China

verfasst von : Mingyan Nie, Yuan Shen

Erschienen in: Autonomous Vehicles and Civil Liability in a Global Perspective

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

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Abstract

This chapter focuses on autonomous driving in China. Firstly, the recent development of China’s autonomous vehicles (AVs) industry and policies released by the related governmental administrations to promote its growth are outlined. Then, the taxonomy of driving automation for vehicles of China (TDAV) is introduced as the basis for further discussion. The central and local government rules about AVs road testing and demonstration application are analyzed thereafter. The commercialization of AVs is still in its infancy in China, and a comprehensive legal framework has not yet been formulated, so these rules are the most relevant ones to AVs at the present stage. Lastly, the attribution of liability caused by AVs with different levels is discussed in accordance with the existing laws and regulations in China.

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Ministry of Public Security (2021) China’s car ownership surpassed the US in 2020 for the first time. https://www.sohu.com/a/523492883_191175. Accessed 8 Jan 2023.

OICA (2021) 2021 production statistics. https://www.oica.net/category/production-statistics/2021-statistics/. Accessed 8 Jan 2023.

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According to the Chinese national standard “Classification of Power-Driven Vehicles and Tailers” (GB/T 15089-2001), M-Class refers to power-driven vehicles having at least four-wheels and used for the carriage of passengers; N-Class refers to power-driven vehicles with at least four wheels and used to carry cargo.

Management rules for road testing of intelligent connected vehicles (trial) [2018] Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Ministry of Public Security and the Ministry of Transport of the People’s Republic of China.

Management Rules for Road Testing and Demonstration Application of Intelligent Connected Vehicles (Trial) [2021] Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Ministry of Public Security and the Ministry of Transport of the People’s Republic of China.

According to the Chinese Constitution and the “Legislation Law”, the national law are divided into three hierarchical levels below the Constitution: (1) laws enacted by the National People’s Congress and its Standing Committee; (2) administrative regulations formulated by the State Council, the national administrative organ; (3) departmental regulations formulated by the Ministries and Commissions of the State Council, the People’s Bank of China, the State Audit Administration as well as other organs endowed with administrative functions directly under the State Council. See: Legislation law of the People’s Republic of China (amendment) [2015] National People’s Congress of the People’s Republic of China.

Art. 5, Management Rules for Road Testing and Demonstration Application of Intelligent Connected Vehicles (Trial) [2021].

Art. 6, Management Rules for Road Testing and Demonstration Application of Intelligent Connected Vehicles (Trial) [2021].

Art. 24 of “Law of the People’s Republic of China on road traffic safety” indicates: “The traffic administrative department of the public security organ shall apply a system of keeping accumulative scores to the motor vehicle drivers who violate the road traffic safety laws and regulations in addition to imposing administrative penalties upon them in accordance with the law. The traffic administrative department of the public security organ shall detain the motor vehicle driving licenses of those whose accumulative scores have reached the prescribed limit, arrange for the education of road traffic safety laws and regulations and the corresponding re-examinations for them; the motor vehicle driving licenses shall be returned to those who are examined to be qualified.”

Art. 7, Management Rules for Road Testing and Demonstration Application of Intelligent Connected Vehicles (Trial) [2021].

Art. 8, Management Rules for Road Testing and Demonstration Application of Intelligent Connected Vehicles (Trial) [2021].

Art. 9, Management Rules for Road Testing and Demonstration Application of Intelligent Connected Vehicles (Trial) [2021].

The materials include, for example, basic information on the road testing party, the testing driver and the road testing vehicle; descriptions of self-driving functions and the certificate proving that the safety performance of the vehicle is not degraded; the compulsory traffic accident liability insurance certificate and the certificate of the traffic accident liability insurance of not less than RMB 5 million per vehicle or the letter of guarantee of compensation for self-driving road testing accidents of not less than RMB 5 million, etc. See Art. 10, Management Rules for Road Testing and Demonstration Application of Intelligent Connected Vehicles (Trial) [2021].

Art. 2, Para. 2, Management Rules for Road Testing and Demonstration Application of Intelligent Connected Vehicles (Trial) [2021].

Art. 16, Management Rules for Road Testing and Demonstration Application of Intelligent Connected Vehicles (Trial) [2021].

Art. 22, Management Rules for Road Testing and Demonstration Application of Intelligent Connected Vehicles (Trial) [2021].

Art. 23, Management Rules for Road Testing and Demonstration Application of Intelligent Connected Vehicles (Trial) [2021].

Art. 24, Management Rules for Road Testing and Demonstration Application of Intelligent Connected Vehicles (Trial) [2021].

Art. 26, Management Rules for Road Testing and Demonstration Application of Intelligent Connected Vehicles (Trial) [2021].

Art. 27, Management Rules for Road Testing and Demonstration Application of Intelligent Connected Vehicles (Trial) [2021].

Art. 35, Management Rules for Road Testing and Demonstration Application of Intelligent Connected Vehicles (Trial) [2021].

Art. 36, Management Rules for Road Testing and Demonstration Application of Intelligent Connected Vehicles (Trial) [2021].

For more details of the AVs road testing implementing measures of the main cities in China, see: China Electric Vehicle Association (2018) Analysis and suggestions of autonomous vehicle testing standards in major cities of China, https://auto.gasgoo.com/a/70070281.html, the original language is in Chinese. Accessed 01 Mar 2021.

For more details, please see: Sun Hongyang, Cao Zheng (2020) Beijing has 200 roads for autonomous driving tests, with 45 vehicles approved for manned tests, https://news.bjd.com.cn/2020/12/16/36701t100.html, the original language is in Chinese. Accessed 01 Mar 2021.

Beijing rules for the implementation of road test management of AVs [2020] Beijing Municipal Commission of Transport, Beijing Traffic Management Bureau and Beijing Municipal Bureau of Economy and Information Technology.

Beijing Municipal Commission of Transport (2020) Interpretations of “Beijing rules for the implementation of road test management of AVs”, http://jtw.beijing.gov.cn/xxgk/zcjd/202011/t20201119_2140422.html, the original language is in Chinese. Accessed 01 Mar 2021.

More specifics of the AVs application in driving services, please see: http://www.shanghai.gov.cn/nw17239/20200920/0001-17239_1456791.html, the original language is in Chinese. Accessed 01 Mar 2021.

China Banking and Insurance News (2014) The first compulsory insurance in China- compulsory insurance for vehicle accident liability was launched in 2006, http://www.sinoins.com/zt/2014-01/27/content_87809.htm, the original language is in Chinese. Accessed 01 Mar 2021.

See: Xue Yingjun (2020) Guidance on comprehensive reform of auto insurance was formally implemented on September 19, https://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_9041995, the original language is in Chinese. Accessed 01 Mar 2021.

Civil Code of the People’s Republic of China [2020] National People’s Congress of the People’s Republic of China.

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Art. 42, Product Quality Law of the People’s Republic of China.

Art. 43, Product Quality Law of the People’s Republic of China.

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Beijing Municipal Commission of Transport (2020) Interpretations of “Beijing rules for the implementation of road test management of AVs”. http://jtw.beijing.gov.cn/xxgk/zcjd/202011/t20201119_2140422.html, the original language is in Chinese. Accessed 01 Mar 2021

China Association of Automobile Manufacturers (2023) Forecast of vehicle sales in 2022. https://www.workercn.cn/c/2023-01-06/7693533.shtml. Accessed 8 Jan 2023

China Automotive Technology and Research Center Co., Ltd., China Intelligent Transportation Systems Association (ed) (2020) Annual report on the development of autonomous driving industry in China (2020). Social Sciences Academic Press, Beijing

China Banking and Insurance News (2014) The first compulsory insurance in China- compulsory insurance for vehicle accident liability was launched in 2006. http://www.sinoins.com/zt/2014-01/27/content_87809.htm, the original language is in Chinese. Accessed 01 Mar 2021

China Electric Vehicle Association (2018) Analysis and suggestions of autonomous vehicle testing standards in major cities of China, https://auto.gasgoo.com/a/70070281.html, the original language is in Chinese. Accessed 1 Mar 2021

Hongyang S, Zheng C (2020) Beijing has 200 roads for autonomous driving tests, with 45 vehicles approved for manned tests. https://news.bjd.com.cn/2020/12/16/36701t100.html, the original language is in Chinese. Accessed 01 Mar 2021

Jinping X (2014) The development of new energy vehicles is the only way to become an automobile power. http://www.xinhuanet.com/politics/2014-05/24/c_1110843312.htm. Accessed 28 Feb 2021

Ministry of Public Security (2021) China’s car ownership surpassed the US in 2020 for the first time. https://www.sohu.com/a/523492883_191175. Accessed 8 Jan 2023

Netease (2022) Big data analysis of Chinese autonomous driving enterprises in 2021, https://www.163.com/dy/article/H70IMN86051481OF.html, the original language is in Chinese. Accessed 11 Jan 2023

OICA (2021) 2021 production statistics. https://www.oica.net/category/production-statistics/2021-statistics/. Accessed 8 Jan 2023

Tencent Research Institute (2017) The development status and trend of the autonomous driving industry, https://www.tisi.org/4896, the original language is in Chinese. Accessed 28 Feb 2021

Yingjun X (2020) Guidance on comprehensive reform of auto insurance was formally implemented on September 19, https://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_9041995, the original language is in Chinese. Accessed 01 Mar 2021

Titel: Autonomous Driving in China
verfasst von: Mingyan Nie
Yuan Shen
Verlag: Springer International Publishing
Buch: Autonomous Vehicles and Civil Liability in a Global Perspective
Print ISBN: 978-3-031-41991-1

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-031-41992-8

Copyright-Jahr: 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-41992-8_6

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