Recent Advances in Mechanical Engineering

The releasing of gases from diesel engines plays an crucial role; which creates an enormous effect in terms of health and safety. The gases that releasing from atmosphere such as NOx, CO, CO2 and HC may create serious effects such as asthma, lungs failure and severe head ache problems. The concentration of ppm should be very per legacy standards. This paper deals with the causes and control methods also the alternative method of controlling the pollutants in different possible methods. Hence this paper focuses on various PPM released from DI based sources and its hazards and alternative based sources and its effects, impact and limitations on environment and social impact caused by it. The results obtained at different rpm such as 1500 rpm and 2200 at full load conditions are 140 g/h, °CA and 150 g/h, °CA respectively. The particulate matter (PM) obtained during the simulation and measured values at different rpms in the range of 1500 rpm and 2200 rpm were slightly compromised according to the protocols; which is in the range of 110 g/h, °CA and 140 g/h, °CA respectively.

Popularity of micro grids increases day by day by facilitating distribution energy generations (DGs) and it forms a remote consumer based integrated energy system. The AC micro grid is one of the popular energy supply network in the remote areas. The renewable energy sources plays important role in AC Micro Grids and popularly known as distributed generations (DGs). The multiple DG integration, coordination and energy management in the operational transition in MG system is highly challenging task. During this DG integration and inclusion of conventional Grid creates the disturbance in system dynamics. The conventional controllers are not sufficiently strengthened to support the dynamic disturbance in Micro Grid (MG). In present research, various improved neural networks approaches have been implemented which gives promising solutions to improve micro grid operation performance along with power/energy quality problems. Thus In this paper a new method based on Extended Neural network (ENN) based on discrete wavelet transform, has been applied to improve the energy disturbances in terms of power quality problems for AC Micro Grid with DG integration. This research aims to investigate the power quality enhancement such as sag/swell, oscillatory transient. Also the dynamics is investigated through a single line to ground fault (LG) fault and load change. A micro grid consisting of three PV cells operated in parallel with an battery energy storage system simulated in MATLAB/SIMULINK environment. The results depicted that the proposed controller performs better than the conventional PI controller.

The construction industry is facing a shortage of natural resources, leading to the exploration of alternative building materials. The study investigated the durability, effectiveness, and performance of high-strength concrete using crushed e-waste. The results of the experiments demonstrated that the optimal composite structure, exhibiting maximum compressive strength (33.65 MPa) and flexural strength (6.9 MPa), could be achieved by incorporating 8% e-waste. Furthermore, the highest split tensile strength (4.66 MPa) was obtained with a 12% e-waste mixture. The durability of concrete was tested in various chemical environments. It was found that 20% e-waste mixed concrete experienced lower compressive strength loss when exposed to sodium sulphate, and minimal strength loss when exposed to sulfuric curing. E-waste is being used to address the shortage of raw materials and contribute to sustainable waste management practices in the construction industry.

Due to their strong tool-work interaction, propensity for work hardening, excellent strength, and toughness, Inconel alloys are difficult to cut. Minimum Quantity Lubrication (MQL) is a viable solution for cutting heat resistant alloys, but environmentally friendly manufacturing is critical. It is advised to use the maximum table speed of 10 m/min, the maximum coolant flow rate of 700 ml/h, the maximum volume of nanoparticle mixing at 1.5 vol%, the minimum cut depth of 10 m, the minimum dressing depth of 8 m, and the minimum surface roughness of 2–2.5 m. The coolant flow velocity and nanoparticle mixing ratio have a big impact on how well alloy materials’ surfaces are finished. Thus, the best surface finish can be achieved during grinding by using a lubricant that is combined with nanoparticles. Future work will include finding the process parameter optimum values to reduce surface roughness.

Transport sector uses a large chunk of petroleum product such as diesel. Biodiesel is an alternative fuel burnt in diesel engine after blending with diesel so that dependency on petroleum remains under check. Here a stationary diesel engine is run on biodiesel blend along with fuel additive to establish its effectiveness in CI engine. Efficiency and consumption remains competitive to commercial diesel and emission of harmful gases are lesser than the diesel. This work judges the suitability of additive to mix biodiesel with diesel. Diethyl ether and Titanium dioxide are added as additive to 10%, 15% blend of Soyabean oil biodiesel and 15 and 20% blend of coconut oil biodiesel. Cetane number obtained is in the range of 49–51 which is anytime higher than diesel (41–48). Thus the biodiesel blends emit 10–20 PPM hydrocarbon (HC), ~ 400 PPM oxide of nitrogen (NOx) at full load whereas diesel emits ~ 30 PPM HC, 570 PPM NOx at similar condition. With additive or biodiesel mixing the full load efficiency is dropping merely ~ 4% at full load whereas the part load efficiency remains almost similar to diesel.

Water absorption behaviour is an important property of the composite which decides its durability and outer application. Polymer composite has wide applications from household applications to aerospace applications. It is obvious that it faces many environmental challenges during its application. Water absorption is one of the important challenges for materials especially glass fibre reinforced polymer composite (GFRP). GFRP is the most popular fibre in polymer composite which has got a lot of attention due to its several benefits over metal. Its utilisation can be increased further by improving its property through the addition of the third phase i.e., filler in the polymer matrix composite. In the present paper review the water absorption behaviour of glass fibre composite with and without filler addition.

Over the years, Poka-Yoke has been underutilized in healthcare and is counted as an under-researched area due to the paucity of systematic literature reviews and comprehensive studies. In today’s uncertain times with imperative pressure looming over the healthcare industry, it is essential to explore the applications of Poka-Yoke to error-proof healthcare systems. The recognition of factors that influence its implementation becomes critical due to the complexity of the requirements present in healthcare settings. This paper aims at reporting a systematic literature review that examines the existing literature with the objective of exploring the applicability of Poka-Yoke in healthcare settings and identifying factors that affect its deployment in healthcare organizations. The analysis evidenced examples of Poka-Yoke applications and enlisted five key influential factors that can help a hospital in determining its Poka-Yoke readiness and contribute towards improving value generation by increasing patient safety, staff, and patient happiness, promoting productivity, and reducing costs. This review provides researchers with future directions to further explore lacunae in the present literature on Poka-Yoke methodology which organizations can use to judge their readiness for the successful implementation of Poka-Yoke.

A numerical analysis was conducted in a circular pipe for the nano-fluid flow using Al2O3 as the nano-particle with air as the base fluid. A uniform heat flux condition was maintained over the circular tube while varying the nanoparticle concentration, pipe diameter and inlet flow velocity (turbulent flow). A multiphase approach using Eulerian model employing partial differential equation modulation for granular properties with RNG k-ε turbulent model was adopted to accurately predict the nano-fluid thermo-hydrodynamic behavior. The numerical multiphase approach revealed that nano-fluid using air highly enhanced the heat transfer performance. By varying the pipe diameter from 5 to 20 mm, and nanoparticle concentration from 0 to 5%, it was observed that the heat transfer effectiveness and profit index lie in the range of 25–130, and 35–200 respectively. The dispersion of nanoparticles enhanced the thermal conductivity caused by Brownian motion leading to a better heat transfer performance. With a lower specific heat, the thermal diffusivity of the fluid increased with the addition of nano-particles leading to a reduced inner wall temperature. The analysis within the boundary layer supports the enhanced thermal performance caused by particle motion. Within the same pipe diameter, the heat transfer effectiveness ratio went on decreasing along the pipe length. This could be credited to the reduction in temperature difference between the wall and the flowing fluid highlighting the enhanced performance of nano-fluids.

Natural fiber-reinforced composites (NFRCs) are becoming more and more popular as a result of their many benefits, including low cost, biodegradability, eco-friendliness, and a growing focus on the environmental and sustainability aspects of engineering materials. Natural fibers present in a short and unequal configuration in nature. Yarns are having an inherent twist in them because it is difficult to maintain the longitudinal integrity during the fabrication process. To keep fibers in desired orientation we have proposed a mold design, with provision for adjusting the tension in the fibers. As we tighten the fibers, force is transferred to the mould walls causing it to buckle. To avoid this, buckling load is calculated for different material, using Ansys software and Euler’s bulking equation. It has been observed that there is a consistent deviation of 18% in both the methods for 1 mm deflection, also there is no negligible impact of mesh sizing variation on the deviation remains almost the same. When the material of higher Young’s modulus is used the load bearing capacity of the mould increases.

Green building materials are being developed around the world to limit the demand for rapidly depleting environmental assets, including greenhouse gas emissions. Geopolymers are significant in this environment, and various studies have considered a range of substances as suitable binder materials. In this dissertation, the workability and mechanical properties of geopolymer concrete mixes made using industrial by-products such as fly ash (FA) and Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS) was determined by varying the FA and GGBS proportions (0–100%) with an interval of 10%, Molarity (8–14 M) and alkaline binder (A/B) ratios (0.40, 0.45, 0.50, 0.55, 0.60 and 0.61). For all mixes, the binder content (550 kg/m3) and alkaline activator ratio (1:2.5) were kept constant. Variations in the sodium hydroxide (NaOH) concentration and alkaline activator-binder ratio were used to determine how efficiently the compressive and tensile strengths were performed at ambient temperature. The experimental results shows that the increase in slag content improved the strength but reduced the workability, and the analysis for 28 days shows that the 70:30 proportion of FA and GGBS, the sodium hydroxide concentration of 13 M, and the 0.55 alkaline binder ratio has given the optimum compressive and split strengths with better workability.

The substantial rush in waste products led researchers to look into innovative and sustainable work in the waste plastic reuse and recycling in the research field for the betterment of the environment. Plastic waste is increasing demand in sectors such as Building and Construction, Textiles, Consumer & Institutional Products, Transportation, Electrical/Electronic, and Industrial Machinery. From which construction sector have a significant and fast-growing impact gaining a lot of attention due to modified product made from plastic waste. This modification's purpose is to minimize the waste produced from different sectors to be filled in land or oceans. The current study introduces a paver block made with different waste plastic products along with binding material to completely substitute cement. In this study, the constituents of modified paver blocks comprise bottles, bags, and trays & of cartoons collected from scrapyard as waste with varying natural sand content. The use of Plastic in paver blocks in varying proportions of 70%, 80%, and 90% to replace cement completely making paver blocks. The investigation is to discover satisfactory physical and mechanical properties for the modification done with the waste plastic product. The test done is water absorption, abrasion, density, strength, and soundness. Thus, this study concludes that the plastic product slightly increases the strength property. Also, there is the decrease in water absorption due to high content of plastic making a sustainable and clean environment by depleting plastic to a certain extent.

One of the most interesting and revolutionary production options currently available is 3D Printing, a rapidly developing technology. In recent years, this technology has attracted a lot of attention and achieved international renown. The focus of study continues to be on technological developments, notably in the field of material science, especially in light of potential future developments. Due to their mass customisation, design freedom, capacity to print complicated 3D structures, and quick prototyping, 3D Printing techniques are used to manufacture innovative multifunctional polymer composites, and structural characteristics. For a wide range of engineering and construction applications, composite or reinforced materials, particularly those in the polymer class, are becoming more and more common. They have scientific uses because of their outstanding physical, chemical, mechanical. This paper discusses the development of 3D printing technologies for matrix composite materials with excellent qualities and their uses in the industries of electronics, aerospace, automotive, and biomedical. An extensive introduction of additive manufacturing (AM) methods highlights fused deposition modelling (FDM), powder-liquid 3D printing (PLP), selective laser sintering (SLS), stereolithography (SLA), digital light processing (DLP), and robocasting. Discussion is held regarding how various filler additives, reinforcing fibres, nanoparticles, and ceramic polymer composites behave during manufacture.

The Universal joint is considered as one of the earliest flexible couplings that enables the connection of one or more spinning shafts with angled axes, allowing the transmission of torque. Generally, it consists of two hinges that are closely spaced, oriented at 90° to one another, and joined by a cross shaft. The yoke shaft connected to the engine is known to as the input shaft, while the other is called to as the output shaft. About 25% of the failure in Power transmission system arises due to faults in manufacturing, design errors and materials used in universal joint. Here we have designed with some modification in the existing model using solid works and perform static structural analysis to identify the nature and characteristics of stresses acting on the universal joint and evaluate the influence of the load/mass geometry/boundary conditions over it using ANSYS software.

Demand forth application of Nickel based Nimonic super-alloys is extensively used in various sectors like aerospace, marine, chemical, nuclear industries, and defence industries, where the use of high-temperature materials is required to survive at elevated temperatures. In this paper, various Ni-based alloy has been discussed along with their processing routes. Conventional methods like melting casting, and investment casting methods are used to develop Nimonic super alloys however these methods have certain limitations such as segregation, near net shape, and material loss during machining but to overcome these limitations the powder metallurgy method has been adopted. The four commercially available Ni-based Nimonic superalloys are Nimonic75, Nimonic80A, Nimonic 90, and Nimonic105, processed by powder metallurgy route has been discussed here. This review describes the physical and mechanical properties of heat treated Nimonic superalloys in various aspects of preparation and application.

A numerical analysis is performed on mixed convection around a heated sphere immersed in air within the laminar regime. Various relevant influencing parameters, namely, Rayleigh number $$\left( {10^{2} \le Ra \le 10^{6} } \right)$$ 10 2 ≤ R a ≤ 10 6 , Reynolds number $$\left( {0 \le Re_{D} \le 300} \right)$$ 0 ≤ R e D ≤ 300 , and diameter ratio $$\left( {2 \le D^{*} \le 5} \right)$$ 2 ≤ D ∗ ≤ 5 are employed to characterize the study thoroughly. A comprehensive comparison of thermal and flow field is elucidated for both stationary and rotating sphere by employing thermal plumes. A greater radial deflection is obtained for higher $$Re_{D}$$ R e D and lower Ra. A continuous growth of heat removal is observed with the rise of strength of swirling speed of sphere for a particular value of Ra and $$D^{*}$$ D ∗ . Also, a monotonic growth of heat transfer rate is also observed with rise of diameter ratio. However, Nusselt number is predicted to be lower with rise of $$D^{*}$$ D ∗ for a fixed $$Re_{D}$$ R e D and Ra. Lastly, we have also employed velocity vectors to understand the fluidic behaviour around the stationary and rotating sphere. A strong radial deviation is observed at the higher $$Re_{D} = 300$$ R e D = 300 at lower Ra than higher Ra.

A two-dimensional steady forced convection flow of a viscous incompressible fluid with heat transfer past a thin semi-infinite flat plate has been considered. The basic partial differential equations of velocity and temperature are converted into ordinary differential equations using similarity transformations and then solved employing R-K method of order four with shooting technique. The longitudinal as well as transverse velocity components and temperature of the flow field have been analysed through graphs. The interesting feature of the discussed problem is that for the solution of the temperature equation we have considered both the cases: (i) isothermal, in which the dissipation is neglected and (ii) adiabatic, in which the frictional heat is accounted. The key findings are: The growth of boundary layer is parabolic in nature. For higher Prandtl number fluids, the temperature boundary layer is thinner than the velocity boundary layer and therefore the rapid change in temperature is occurring very near to the plate.

Reverse logistics has become one of the most crucial aspects of the supply chains of various industries including automobiles, electronics, e-commerce, pharmaceutical etc. due to an increasing focus on efficient disposal and reuse of end-of-life products (EOL) in order to extract the critical components out of them. With the rapid increase in electric vehicles adoption, the disposal of the batteries and crucial electronic components with embedded semi-conductor chips has become a concern since they contain costly and environmental unfriendly materials. For companies in the EV space to remain focused on their core expertise and control costs its essential to find the right third-party reverse logistics provider (3PRLP). This paper identified 15 selection criteria for 3PRLP in collaboration with a company in the EV industry and used multi-criteria decision-making techniques like analytical hierarchy process (AHP) along with TOPSIS, VIKOR and PROMETHEE to come up with a decision support system that helps managers and leaders select the right partner for their business. From a pool of eight shortlisted 3RPRLP a ranking was created and compared across the three techniques, two of out of three agreed on an alternative confirming the best choice for the company.

The present work focuses on analyzing the mixing improvements of micro-mixers in the presence of the obstacles for the interaction of two miscible fluids. In devoid of any external agencies (such as electro-magnetic fields, pulsatile flow), obstruction in the flow field considerably increases the miscibility of the fluids. Hence, the obstacles are integrated in the micro-mixers for better mixing. In this work, we analyse the role of the obstacle shape in the T shaped micro-mixer. The broadly used shapes like semi-circular, square, triangular and inclined obstacles are considered for the study. The contour plots of volume fractions and the detailed comparison are provided for mixing trends of different obstacles, which provides a clear direction for the best choice.

Internal combustion (IC) engine parts with ceramic coatings have strong thermal barrier qualities that are used to stop heat loss during operation. Due to a variety of factors, complete combustion of the charge is not achievable in two-stroke spark-ignition engines, which leaves harmful emissions like carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon emission from the combustion chamber (CC) during combustion. Pollution is caused by unburned hydrocarbons that are present in the exhaust gases. Numerous engine components may have thermal barrier coatings (TBC) that help cut down on heat leakage. TBC plays a crucial role in improving internal combustion (IC) engine performance and efficiency by reducing heat transfer to the engine components and enhancing their durability. While metals have traditionally been used in engine components, ceramics offer several advantages as TBC materials due to their superior thermal insulation properties, as well as resistance to oxidation, corrosion, and wear. TBCs to the surface of engine components, such as pistons, have proven to be beneficial for IC engine performance. The choice of TBC materials and the coating methods used to apply them can significantly impact various engine operating variables which causes a change in emissions. Indeed, the operating temperature of TBC in the automobile sector can significantly impact engine efficiency. TBCs are designed to withstand high-temperature environments and provide thermal insulation, thereby reducing heat transfer to engine components. The higher the operating temperature, the more effective the TBC system can be in improving engine efficiency.

In this research, an attempt has been made to synthesize partially biodegradable hybrid composites based on Human Hair Fibre (HHF), Luffa Cylindrica fiber (LCF) and different weight proportions (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 wt.%) of Incense stick ash (ISA) as filler. Ultrasonicator assisted hand lay-up technique has been used for the fabrication process. Their density, water absorption, elastic and microhardness properties are evaluated to justify their potential application. The incorporation of ISA as filler enhanced the density, mechanical strength, resistance to water absorption and wear characteristics. Further, Pin-on disc set up is used to conduct the dry sliding wear behaviour of the composites considering composite type, normal load, track distance and speed as the input parameters. The experimentation is designed and performed as per the central composite design-based response surface methodology (CRSM). The ANOVA revealed that the applied normal load as well as the weight percentage of ISA have an important effect in enhancing the dry sliding wear of the currently synthesized natural fibre hybrid composites. Moderate ISA filler (10 wt.%) is observed to provide the optimum results in terms of all the characteristics. Thus, it opens new ways for the preparation of sustainable bio-composite for packaging and construction applications.

The The solar power industry is one of the fastest-blooming energy sectors that yields results after a long period of time. The goal of this research is to rank the most significant barriers to the establishment of solar power plants in India. This paper follows the process of doing extensive research on the factors that affect the most when setting up a solar power plant in India, classifying those factors into major factors and sub factors that are grouped into each major factor, and then ranking those factors to produce a ranked list that gives us the outcome of which factors are impediments when a solar power plant is installed in India. The 24 most influential factors were identified and classified into six major categories: finance, government and politics, resources, market, environment, and technology. These factors were ranked using the fuzzy AHP model, which can assist decision-makers in understanding the weight of the barriers they face during establishment, particularly in India. The finance factor proves to be the most critical factor, which proves to be a major hindrance in establishing a solar power plant in India. This includes how the budget of the project affects the progress of the creation of a solar power plants.

The environmental instability influences the organic fiber's potential as reinforcement to replace the synthetic fibers because of its high specific stiffness and strength. In the last several decades green polymer-based composites are gaining revival popularity in various industrial sectors providing inconsistent properties. The organic fibers are subjected to mercerization for improvement of surface texture. This paper evaluates the tensile properties of both untreated and mercerized natural brown coir (BC) and brown flax (BF) fibers through multiple linear regression analysis. The tensile test of fibers is conducted for varying strain rates and diameters. The regression model yields an excellent correlation coefficient for the evaluation of tensile strength at distinct strain rates. The treated BF fiber ensures superior tensile strength with the highest R2 value and treated BC results better tensile load-carrying capacity than others. The treatment effects on moisture absorption behavior, fractographic, and morphology of the selected cellulosic fibers are also summarized. It is observed that treated BC and BF fibers absorb more moisture than untreated fibers but BC fiber shows extreme water gain than BF fiber. Similarly, BF exhibits maximum clean fracture whereas dull and depressed fractures are observed in case of BC fiber which indicates the brittle and ductile fractures of the surface respectively.

Communication is a bi-parties course of conveying or exchanging any kind of information through different channels. Visual, written, verbal and gesture are some of the ways of communication. Sign language is a gestural form of communication, which is framed up by using different hand movements, facial expressions and body postures. People with difficulty in speaking and hard of hearing use these gestures to convey their message to others. The process of sign language identification and interpretation involves motion capturing through different electronic devices and the conversion of messages into readable text messages. This paper proposes a sensor-based smart communication glove that aims to bridge the communication gap between the specially-abled and healthy person. This glove is sensor mounted wearable device that recognizes hand motion and translates them to meaningful messages. It knocks down the need for a regular person to learn sign language. The smart glove can be customized for many applications, such as virtual reality, gaming, and rehabilitation. Smart gloves promote human–machine interaction with various applications, making it an exciting and promising technology.

Inconel 800, a versatile alloy, finds widespread applications across various industries, including aerospace, defense, cryogenics, and medical equipment. However, the exceptional high-temperature strength, presence of carbide in the microstructure, and strain hardening characteristics of this alloy collectively contribute to the inherent challenges associated with machining it. This study focuses on the machining of Inconel 800, employing a WC cutting insert to achieve the desired outcomes. The research involves a comprehensive evaluation of surface roughness and tool wear through a series of measurements. The findings indicate that among various factors, the feed rate emerges as the single most critical determinant affecting overall machinability during the machining process. This study provides valuable insights for optimizing the machining parameters and enhancing the performance of Inconel 800 components in industrial applications

In the perspective of recent development, the manufacturing industry needs to pick up their performance to carry on in the worldwide competition. Overall equipment effectiveness (OEE) is the basis of Total Productive Maintenance and Lean Manufacturing strategies to undertake the unseen six big losses that hold back equipment and process efficiency. Overall equipment effectiveness plays a very important role where performance efficiency and quality of the product are significance to the organization. It is a metric which is used to point out how effectively and efficiently machines are in operation. Looking at it another way, OEE is a simple but a powerful tool for measurement of the efficiency and effectiveness of single equipment or of an entire manufacturing unit consisting of a number of individual equipment. In this effort, the paper presents a broad approach to measure overall equipment effectiveness for kneader buss mixer for an Aluminium producing plant and explain how the individual performance indices are calculated. Monitoring of all the equipments which are significant using promising technology on a daily basis and additional analysis using statistics can help us to take remedial actions on the shop floor and this may help in improving plant overall equipment effectiveness.

There has always been a demand for more modern approaches for creating systems and products for residential use and improved performance. The research of the state of the art in technologically oriented solutions and the actual adoption practices at households, however, are not fully consistent. The purpose of this study is to clarify and examine the issues related to the knowledge levels and application of ergonomic equipment and techniques in Indian home activities. In this study, 26 participants who used contemporary kitchens with standard utilities and 6 participants who used traditional old kitchens from India’s Khorda region in Odisha were selected. The “Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) analysis” was then conducted for the chosen participants while they were engaging in daily kitchen-related activities, and appropriate suggested actions were provided based on the RULA scores acquired. In addition, correct kitchen layout concepts as opposed to incorrect ones were suggested in light of ergonomic considerations.

Due to undesirable faults which majorly damaging the structures esthetic as well as the important structural elements. The past researchers have done analysis and validated torsional coefficient factor. The different reason responsible for damage in structure due to torsional irregularity have been identified by the past researchers individually and have evicted some important phases of investigation for ease of structural engineer. The main work is to review the one of the major factor responsible for the existence of torsional irregularity and finding out the effect of it. It has been found that researchers have evicted some important phases of investigation and still some cases are need to be examined. The review will help engineers to understand the irregularity in early architectural phase and help to avoid the damages in the structures. Also, now the research should be on evaluation on basis of factor behind torsion which not yet been investigated till. There is inadequate data bank or knowledge in such aspect.

The research attention towards quantifying the behavior of Functionally Graded Beam (FGB) is addressed in the present investigation. Unlike composite material where the component materials’ elastic and thermal characteristics don’t match at the interface resulting delamination, Functionally Graded Material (FGM) offers added benefits over traditional composite material where such structural discontinuities are avoided keeping the strength of the structure intact. The principal focus of the study is to acquire a profound understanding towards the vibrational characteristics of FGB under various material distribution and boundary condition. In view of power law distribution, the FG beam’s component material characteristics are graded along the axial direction. The study examines various aspect ratios of the beam and analyzes the corresponding mode shapes for different boundary conditions. ANSYS 18.2 software is used to develop simulation models for the FG beam, and the results are presented along with the respective mode shapes. The objective is to identify the influences of power law index (PLI), aspect ratio and different edge support conditions on the free vibration responses of the FGB. Through numerical simulations, detailed insights to the vibration behavior of FGB is attained and the simulation model presents the ability to manipulate the material composition and boundary conditions provides opportunities for tailoring the FGB’s vibrational characteristics to meet specific requirements.

The idea of replacing cement with rice husk ash and bamboo leaf ash, which is highlighted in the study, may increase the consumption of these by-products of agriculture and forestry. The need for landfill space can be decreased by substituting rice husk and bamboo leaf ash, and this will help address the issue of a lack of natural sand. Finding an alternative material for partial addition is necessary because cement's price is rising daily. The need for expensive alternative material as a cement substitute is fulfilled by rice husk ash and bamboo leaf ash. Even much effort is needed to dispose of the crusher dust in one location, which harms the environment.

The hollow rectangular beams have wider applications in structural applications. The strength of the hollow beam depends upon various factors such as section thickness, end support, loading environment, etc. Out of which the structure integrity is one of the major factors that decides the stability of the hollow beam. Sometimes the integrity of the structure is altered due to the occurrence of cracks, holes etc. Hence the study of dynamic stability of the hollow beams keeps its own importance. Here, the modal response of the hollow rectangular aluminum beam with multiple cracks is investigated. Theoretical formulation for the beam with multiple cracks is concepted by an equivalent shear spring model. Finite element formulation is conducted by ANSYS 16.0. A portable modal testing module is fabricated and the fundamental frequencies of the cracked beam are determined experimentally. The outcomes are compared and validated. Further, the change of fundamental frequency to the change of crack locations, crack severities, crack severity to section thickness, and to the presence of multiple cracks (four cracks) is investigated and conclusions are drawn.

Performance and emission parameters of thermal barrier coated (TBC) compression ignition engine fuelled with various blends biohythane and diesel are experimentally evaluated. The objective of the work was to enhance the engine performance and emission utilizing biohythane as an alternative source of energy. An experimental method with various biohythane blends was adopted for the dual fuel engine operation and the obtained results were compared to the baseline data with neat diesel. The evaluated engine parameters are BSEC, BTE, CO, HC, NOx, and smoke emissions. Engine tests are performed at a constant speed of 1500 rpm and a compression ratio of 18:1. The mixture of supplied gaseous fuel was blended with 85–95% biomethane and 5–15% biohydrogen, mixed with the inlet air, and supplied through the intake manifold for both coated and uncoated conditions. Results indicated that up to 15% of biohydrogen enrichment with TBC improved the engine BTE by 6% compared to the diesel-only mode. The emission characteristics such as HC, CO, and smoke were reduced up to 16.2, 29.1, and 62.6%, respectively, with TBC and biohythane in dual-fuel mode due to the low carbon content with improved combustion characteristics.

Digital deluge in recent days have changed the way how people used to shop earlier. Online platforms are much easier and adopted way to buy products. Mobile application providing online buying options have disrupted the retail purchase behavior of customers wherein they can buy things at any point of time with ease and in minutes. This has substantially reduced the footfall at traditional offline stores. As this is becoming a trend in current days it’s imperative to understand the underlying decision making factors which influence the online purchase of products. The study will help to bring in improvements and innovations for the respective business houses as well as the customers. The current study aims to examine the key decision making factors which influence the online product purchase through the mobile applications in the city of Bhubaneswar. This is done through a set of questionnaires specially curated for the study and the answers are collected from the users using mobile applications for product purchase.

Thermodynamic analysis has been carried out on an Autocascade refrigeration system (ACS) and its performance is compared with that of a Cascade refrigeration system (CS) in this present paper. An ozone-friendly refrigerant mixture of R23 and R507A is considered as working fluid for ACS; whereas R23 in low-temperature circuits and R507A in the high-temperature circuit are considered for CS. The temperature range considered for performance evaluation is from − 80 to – 40 °C. This consideration is based upon the normal boiling point of low boiling refrigerant and permissible compression ratio. The results of the analysis show that the rate of decrease in compression ratio for CS is not as fast as that of the ACS because of the little variation of intermediate pressure of CS with an increase in evaporator temperature. The performance of CS is found to be better at a lower evaporator temperature and ACS performance outweighs that of CS at an evaporator temperature of – 55 °C. This crossover temperature will be different for other working fluid pairs.

Slow evaporation method technique is used for growing high-quality single crystals of l-threonine and Li: l-threonine single crystals. Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies are conducted to analyze well defined diffraction patterns. Surface analysis using atomic force microscopy (AFM) is performed to study surface analysis and characterization of materials at the nanoscale. Tauc's plot is used to determine the energy bandgap of a material based on its optical properties. Laser damage threshold determines the fluence on the crystals that can withstand without causing damage. Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) studies determines the efficiency of the material for nonlinear optical applications.

Polymer composites have emerged as promising materials because of their unique enhanced properties along with potential applications. In this paper an effort has done to review the recent work progress on methodologies to prepare polymer composites using particulate fillers. Generally, thermoplastics like epoxy, polypropylene etc. are used as matrices due to easy availability, economic cost of production. The composites are generally composed of polymer as the matrix material along with one or more reinforcing agents, like metal and non-metal powders, fibers, nanoparticles, or fillers. The combination of these components produces a composite with superior properties like electrical, thermal and mechanical as compared to pure polymer. These composites have been prepared using several methodologies like solution mixing, reactive extrusion, melt mixing etc. Several of the methodologies and effect of fillers on the thermal and mechanical attributes of polymer composites are discussed extensively in this article. It was observed that melt blending is the most economic whereas the solution mixing process is effective during the dispersion of fillers. In addition, the extrusion process helps in preparing more intricate shapes of polymer composite and reactor granule technology provides uniform dispersion of Nano-materials.

This paper purports the development of a tilt-integral-derivative-filter (TIDN) controller for the dynamic regulation of two area conventional thermal hydro (TACTH) system. The key objective of this investigation is to operate the TACTH system effectively and stable under perturbations. However, the analysis is initiated for the step load disturbance (SLD) of 10% in area-1. The investigation is performed under the monitoring of the water cycle optimization (WCO) algorithm-tuned TIDN controller. Moreover, the efficacy of the suggested controller is demonstrated with other extensively used controllers in the literature. The communication time delays (CTDs) are perpetuated with the TACTH system with the intention of performing the investigation near to practicality. The consequence of CTDs on TACTH system response is showcased and the territorial control mechanism is adopted to further enhance the dynamical behavior by laying the high voltage DC line with the system.

Comprehensive study on “wave energy converters (WEC)” that transform wave energy into electricity is mandatory to strengthen the economic viability of wave energy, one of the biggest and most potential renewables. In the not-too-distant future, improved hydrodynamic performance ought to allow wave devices to perform equally well with traditional power stations. The current study addresses the hydrodynamics of the breakwater integrated “piezoelectric wave energy converter device (PWEC)” positioned over the uneven seafloor. To handle the present “boundary value problem (BVP),” the “boundary element method (BEM)” is implemented. The influence of the different incident wave and shape factors linked to the PWEC device and uneven seafloor on the “power extraction” by the “piezoelectric plate” is discussed in extensive manner. The study found that when the plate is located nearby the free surface and has a moderate plate length, PWEC extracts more power. A multi-factor optimization depends on the “Taguchi method” is presented and it is noticed that the system 1 has outstanding bandwidth and power extraction.

In the present study, the NiCrBSi composite coating was done on 304 Stainless steel by a High-velocity oxyfuel process. Oxygen flow rate, LPG flow rate, coating powder feed rate, and spray distance constant process parameters have been chosen because they have a greater impact on the finished condition of the coating. The composition and structural properties of the feedstock powder and coated substrate were studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD). The XRD results confirmed the crystalline nature of the composite coating powder and coated substrate. Further, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was also performed to study the morphology of both feedstock powder and coated substrate. SEM micrograph shows that the NiCrBSi are somewhat sphere-like morphology and they were interlinked with each other. FESEM micrograph images confirmed the coating is done smoothly.

This paper proposes the development of a novel system for automated industrial punching using wireless technology and IoT-based control. The proposed setup utilizes an IR sensor-equipped pneumatic punch that is controlled via Wi-Fi, along with a roller feed system controlled by a mobile device. By incorporating the latest advancements in Industry 4.0 technology, the system aims to automate the industrial punching process. The proposed setup incorporates long-distance wireless communication and IoT-based control, enabling remote observation and management of the punching process. The utilization of IR sensors ensures precise and consistent punching by accurately detecting the punching position with reliability. The mobile-controlled roller feed system enhances the speed and precision of material feeding, leading to efficient and cost-effective manufacturing. Implementing the suggested approach can significantly increase productivity, reliability, and the overall quality of industrial punching. The system offers a high level of automation and control, minimizing errors and reducing the need for user intervention. Furthermore, the combination of wireless connectivity and Industry 4.0 technology allows for real-time monitoring and management of the production process, providing valuable insights for process optimization and cost minimization. Overall, the suggested system represents a substantial advancement in the field of industrial automation and control, providing an effective and efficient solution for automated punching with wireless communication and IoT-based control.

Since a two-wheeler caters to all the needs of a common man and is also affordable, so these days there is a significant rise in demand and supply of two-wheelers. Everyone these days is in sheer hurry to reach their destination. But this hastiness turns out to be a major cause for road accidents these days. People are being absent-mined while riding as a result of which they are forgetting to lift the side stand. According to a survey conducted in the year 2016 about 33% of the road accidents were caused because of this. To solve this difficulty many advanced measures have been taken, but they are not cent percent effective. So, by considering that a system should be devised which could be implemented practically in all types bikes, we thought of a work as “Automatic Side-Stand retrieval system using microcontroller for Two-Wheeler”. The current study focuses with the design and stress analysis of the side stand that is to be employed in the automation system. The developed product will help reduce road accidents.

The coagulation of the natural rubber in the collecting cup by adding formic acid, natural rubber in the shape of a cup also known as a cup lump. Removing lumps from the collecting cups is one of the main difficulties workers face in rubber processing operations and this will entertain awkward body postures while exerting physical effort. Additionally, fast repetitive work and over-twisting of the wrist will lead the workers to musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). A survey has been conducted among 32 cup lump-separating workers in the central region of Kerala, India to analyse the entire body and evaluate the extent of ergonomic risk levels as well as their exposure to MSDs in various body segments using the Standard Nordic Questionnaire and REBA. The result of the assessment shows that (84%) of participants had scores ranging from 4 to 7 which involves medium risk, hence additional research and modifications in postures were required to be made soon. While the remaining (16%) had scores ranging from 8 to 10 which involves high risk, hence changes in the posture are to be made immediately in order to avoid physical injury or disorder for the participants in the near future. The increase in REBA score makes the participants vulnerable to work-related diseases and reduces participants’ efficiency, performance, satisfaction, and speed during working and an ergonomically designed tool can easily prevent the flexion or twisting of the wrist area.

In this study, we present a simple approach involving a template-free single-step solvothermal process for the fabrication of nickel sulfide (NS) thin films on nickel foam substrates. The developed method offers a facile and efficient means of depositing NS nanostructures without the need for complex templates or multi-step procedures. The resulting NS-based electrodes exhibited remarkable electrochemical properties, making them highly promising for supercapacitor applications. Specifically, the NS electrodes demonstrated a significantly high specific capacitance of 810 Fg−1 when tested at a scan rate of 1 mVs−1. Furthermore, the NS electrodes exhibited excellent cyclic stability, with a retention rate of 94.2% after 6000 charge–discharge cycles. This remarkable durability is crucial for the long-term performance and reliability of supercapacitors because it ensures consistent and efficient energy storage over an extended operational lifespan. Considering the outstanding electrochemical performance and cyclic stability of NS nanostructures, it is highly likely that these materials will be used extensively in the development of next-generation supercapacitors. The utilization of NS-based electrodes can lead to the production of high-performance supercapacitors with superior energy storage capabilities and a prolonged cycling life.

This paper designs and presents an autonomous floor-cleaning robot comprising a chassis, driving system, belt brush type dry and wet cleaning unit, and a hot air drier unit on the back side of the robot to dry the surface after the wet cleaning operation. The chassis of the robot is made up of an acrylic sheet with a circular shape. The various electronic parts of a robot, like batteries, sensors, motors, motor drivers, and microcontroller, are equipped on the chassis. The driving system is mounted below the base plate of the chassis and comprises a caster wheel and two powered wheels. The long-size belt brush-type dry cleaning is designed, which helps the robot accumulate all the dust and waste particles onto the central portion below the chassis so that the particles can be sucked into a dry waste container by a vacuum system. Similarly, the belt brush-type arrangement is used in a wet cleaning unit also that works like a rectangular mopping system and provides a maximum contact area than the existing roller-type cleaning brush. Moreover, the water is supplied in the wet cleaning belt through the pipe connected to the water container. After wet cleaning, the hot air drier unit comes into action and dries the wet floor. The SLAM (Simultaneous Localization and Mapping) method and LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) sensor are attached to the robot to map the environment and determine the navigation path with obstacles detection and avoidance during the cleaning process. Further, an experimental study demonstrates that the robot successfully performs the cleaning process without human intervention and extra waiting time post the cleaning operation.

Hydraulic shock, often known as water hammer, is a serious problem in pipeline systems that can cause major harm and operational problems. Engineers can now comprehend the characteristics of the water hammer phenomenon and create practical mitigation solutions because to the effectiveness of numerical modelling tools in simulating and analysing the phenomenon. This study uses numerical models to offer a thorough analysis of the modelling of water hammer in pipes. The introduction of the study gives a history on water hammer, including its causes, effects, and applicability to pipeline systems. It emphasises the necessity of precise and effective numerical simulations of water hammer occurrences, taking into account variables including pipe geometry, fluid characteristics, valve dynamics, and boundary conditions. A thorough description of the creation and application of a numerical model for water hammer simulation is provided. The chosen numerical technique is used to discretize the governing equations, such as the momentum and continuity equations, and incorporate the necessary boundary conditions. To determine the numerical model’s accuracy and dependability, validation against experimental data and/or analytical solutions is done.

This research work is a comparative study and analysis of manual winch lifting systems. Hand winches are widely used in various industries and applications where manual lifting and pulling operations are required. The major concern of this study was to determine the most suitable candidate material in terms of cost and ease of usage, more readily available, and more durable to support a load of up to 100 kg. Apart from four materials, AISI 4130 steel, AISI 4340 steel, AISI 1018 Mild steel, and cast stainless steel, research and analysis using the solid works programme revealed that 1018 AISI Mild steel best met the needs and was the best material for carrying loads up to 100 kg. After deciding on the material and conducting additional research, Solidworks was used to build a prototype before beginning the manufacturing process. The analysis focuses on factors such as lifting efficiency, load stability, ease of use, durability, and maintenance requirements. In addition, security aspects such as overload protection are evaluated to determine the level of user protection each system offers. The results of this study will provide insight into the specifications and limitations of various materials, leading to the selection of the best material for cost-effective hand winches.

The non-contact excitation of piezoelectric (piezo) components by different metal electrode shaped electric field generators have been explored. By means of Finite element method (FEM), the performance of contactless energized piezoelectric plate through various electrodes configuration of electric field generators. The output power and electric field pattern across different piezoelectric materials (PZT-5A, PZT-5H, along with BaTiO3 and LiNbO3) for different electrodes shape (i.e., rectangular, square, circular) have been analysed. The optimal excitation achieved across the piezoelectric plate for rectangular and square shaped copper electrodes rather than circular shaped electrode. The piezoelectric material PZT-5H shows better performance than its counterpart as it has higher electromechanical conversion ability through the applied electric field. For rectangular shaped live and ground electrodes with input 50 V and electrodes gap i.e. 4 mm, at 924 kHz resonance frequency, the maximal output power i.e., Po of 0.29 mW is attained across the piezoelectric materials PZT-5H.

Enhancement of dynamic stability of UPFC Fractional lead-lag (FOLL) has been proposed for this present work. Multimachine system with solar integrationhas been experimented with step and discrete variation in solar power, with different operating condition of generators. A multi-objective modified DE has been takenfor tuningparameters of FOLL. The variation in speed observed with respect to local oscillations subject to three generators and eigen distribution being observed. The performance of proposed FOLL-UPFC controller is found to be better than only UPFC control action and performance of modified DE is superior to conventional DE & PSO. In this work sudden and random variation in solar sources have been implemented and the observations show that due to the variation in these solar penetrations power system oscillations are further excited. Proposed control action which is MDE tuned FOLL-UPFC can provide better damping torque as compared to only UPFC action. From the present study it has been observed that the closed loop system performance with fractional UPFC control action is much enhanced in comparison to conventional UPFC based lead lag control action. The oscillations due to random solar penetrations are heavily damped in proposed control action thereby enhancing oscillatory stability by a large extent.

In the present work Memetic Salp Swarm Algorithm (MSSA) tuned compensated hydro governor parameters has been proposed to damp power system oscillations for random variation in wind penetration. The system considered here is a four-machine system with hydro generators equipped with compensated governors. The Woodward type PID governor has been used for all the hydro generators but additional compensation network based on lead-lag structure has been implemented with all the hydro generators. The parameters of hydro generator compensators are tuned by MSSA. The MSSA has also been compared with SSA. To justify the efficiency of proposed control action, case studies has been considered with variation in wind penetrations. These variations include sudden and random generations of wind sources and subject to these local oscillations and inter-area oscillation have been analyzed with Eigen value distributions. The proposed control action Eigen value shifted more left side of s-plane as compared to proposed controller tuned by SSA and governor tuned by MSSA. For different cases with random and sudden variation of wind sources, the system responses and Eigen distributions predict that MSSA tuned compensated hydro governor can efficiently impact damping torque for power system oscillations subject to random variations in wind generations.

A grid-connected solar photovoltaic (PV) system is one of today’s most reliable and environmentally friendly systems. PV system performance depends on many factors, such as location, solar irradiance, type, and orientation of the modules. It is, therefore, imperative that all the above parameters are considered when designing the PV system. This paper provides a theoretical analysis and simulation of a rooftop PV system based on load conditions for a residential building in Chennai, India. A 4 kW rooftop PV system was designed with ten 400 Wp Jinkosolar panels and a 4 kW Sungrow inverter. System simulation showed the plant’s annual energy generation is 6.115 MWh, and its performance ratio is 81.1%. Overall, the system will reduce CO2 emissions by 96.14 tons over its lifespan. Thus, rooftop PV systems can be a cost-effective and sustainable way of meeting residential energy needs.

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), also referred to as drones, have drawn a lot of attention recently due to the prospective industries in which they may be used. This study focuses on the methodical design and development process of a drone that can transport medical supplies effectively and dependably. The stages involve a thorough analysis of the requirements and challenges associated with the transportation of medical supplies, including cargo capacity, range, flight time, and safety restrictions. Then, using current technologies and recent developments in the market, a set of requirements and design constraints for the drone are developed. The quadcopter used in this study was made to be portable and simple to fly. In this paper, the frame analysis and general design of the quadcopter frame model are discussed. Numerous numerical techniques, such as finite element analysis (FEA) and computational fluid dynamics (CFD), were used to analyze the quadcopter. The quadcopter's airflow was simulated using CFD, and the stresses and strains in the frame were examined using FEA.

Supply chain is the backbone of a successful operation of any organization. An due to its multistate operation model and multi stakeholder involvement a lot of data is being captured and created in a matured supply chain process. From last one and half decade researchers are leveraging Big Data analysis to bring out insights from the data to analyze the hidden insights from the data. Big Data Analysis is also used in Supply chain management for analysis of future studies. This research is aimed at doing a systemic literature review along with bibliometric analysis for usage of Bid Data analytics in supply chain management process for a time window of 10 years (2013–2023). The primary aim of the paper is to complete an in-depth literature review in supply chain and Big Data analytics. This study will help future researchers to narrow down their research in supply chain management as well as Big Data analytics and bring the benefits of these for their respective studies. The study mentions about the study done in last 10 years and recent studies done to fill in the gap existing the same segment so that these can be applied for the future researches. The study is focused to use different approaches which can help in identifying the current and future trends based on numerous papers published in different researches and generate insightful information using VOS Viewer for data analysis purpose.

Resistance spot welding (RSW) is quick joining process by employing heat generated by electric current resistance and widely adapted for mass manufacturing of automobiles. It produces poor-quality welds, which can be enhanced by precisely adjusting the control settings. Because of the intricacy inherent in a process with several interrelated welding factors, optimising RSW, which is often utilised as an affordable method in numerous industries, takes a long time. Small variations in values will have an impact on weld quality. This study deals with the weld strength analysis of RSW-welded SS 304. Three different factors, i.e., voltage, welding time, and up-sloping time, were considered while current was kept constant. Taguchi based trials were designed to study yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, maximum load (F), and energy consumed until the max. load is reached (UB). For optimising results, the Taguchi-WASPAS (Weighted Aggregated Sum Product Assessment) technique was adopted, followed by ANOVA for significant factor determination. Finally, confirmatory experiments were conducted to check the precision of the predicted and experimental outcomes. It was found that welding voltage was the most significant constraint for maximising the weld strength.

Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) technologies based on Magnetic Resonance Coupling (MRC-WPT) have certainly emerged as a leading alternative to traditional charging techniques in recent years. However, a thorough investigation is required to characterize the various design parameters for the MRC-WPT system. The perception of consumed input power from the source, as well as the system's output power for various coil radii while operating at various frequencies, have been used to explore the efficiency of this technique. This work elucidated the theoretical and analytical investigation accompanied by simulation findings to show the system performance dependence on the operating parameters. The MRC-WPT system's overall power transfer efficiency (PTE) is shown to be highly frequency selective. Hence, the efficacy of the MRC-WPT system has been represented to unveil the suitability of wireless charging systems.

Disinfecting water with chlorine is crucial for stopping the spread of infectious illnesses. The managers of water quality system would benefit significantly by predicting the free residual chlorine at major points of the water distribution system (WDS), since this would allow them to better assure the satisfaction and safety of their customers. Using a neuro-fuzzy model, this study makes an effort to forecast the chlorine concentration at various nodal points. Inputs to this model are Initial chlorine content, pH, Turbidity, Conductivity at the water treatment plant and output from the model is chlorine content at any location. Five hundred fifteen data were collected at regular interval at various stations as input and fed to the model for training. In this present work the used neural network is a four layers back propagation with multilayer perception system. Output of the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is first estimated chlorine content which is fed to fuzzy controller along with other data. The result of the fuzzy controller is free residual chlorine contained at any point. Simulation results have been verified with the actual data. The performance evaluation was made and found to be more than 90%. The results obtained in the selected stations ware compared with the chlorine concentration to our developed neuro-fuzzy model. With using our newly developed model the chlorine concentration can be accurately predicated at a known location under any treatment plant.

This abstract summarizes the work done on designing and developing a floor mopping robot (FMR). The basic problem addressed by this project was the need for a convenient and efficient way to clean floors without manual labour. The specific objective was to create a robot that could clean floors autonomously while avoiding obstacles and accurately sensing its surroundings. The scope of the work involved designing a robot that could handle a variety of floor types and sizes, while minimizing water usage and maximizing battery life. Through this paper, we are identifying and analyzing some of the pre-existing model and proposing some modification changes, to take up this challenge. We have focused on features, applications, mechanisms, constraints of the Robot. To accomplish this objective, the robot was designed with a combination of hardware and software components. The hardware consisted of a base platform, a water tank and pump system, sensors for navigation and obstacle avoidance, and a microcontroller to control the robot's movements. Methodologies for motion planning, object recognition, including water consumption minimization were integrated inside the application. CAD model is used to model the robotic cleaner for the home. By using CAD application and model parameters to assess deformation, equivalence (von-misses) stress, and shear stress, a finite element analysis (FEA) was carried out to determine the change of stress at crucial regions of the system. The successful completion of this assigned task has produced project data for the creation of an affordable, easy, secure, and effective house cleaning robot. Through extensive testing and experimentation, the major results showed that the floor mopping robot was able to effectively clean floors of different types and sizes, while accurately avoiding obstacles. Additionally, the water usage and battery life were optimized, resulting in efficient and effective cleaning performance.

Noise is defined as sound that is considered unpleasant, loud, or disruptive to hearing. Similar to air pollution, noise pollution is a significant issue in urban areas that demands attention. Noise pollution occurs when the noise level surpasses a specific threshold and negatively impacts human health and well-being. In the field of urban planning, it becomes crucial to utilize methods and tools that can aid designers in developing, planning, and implementing appropriate measures to mitigate and control traffic noise. Consequently, it is essential to predict traffic noise levels in order to prevent excessive noise and explore potential alternative suggestions for existing road infrastructure. The objective of this study is to develop a predictive model for traffic noise level using linear regression analysis in the field of machine learning. A suitable model has been formulated using linear regression to accurately predict the traffic noise level. Subsequently, the model was tested and validated in the city of Sambalpur.

Minimization of structural vibration is a technological challenge now-a-days. Vibration in structure and building leads to reduction in the comfort of occupant of building, causes disturbances in the sensitive equipment, leads to fittings and fixture damage, disturb structural integrity. And in some cases, it leads to severe consequence like collapse of buildings and structures. Vibration isolation is a commonly used technique for reducing or suppressing unwanted vibrations in structures and machines. The transmission of vibration can be mitigated by using different base isolation technique such as use of spring, elastomeric rubber bearing or by using different seismic dampers such as viscous damper, friction damper, yielding damper. The measurement and analysis of the structural vibration is essential to get the effective method of base isolation. In this experimental work, vibration analysis has been done on the structural model with different semi isolation base. The structural model has been made. Artificial vibration (with known frequency) has been imparted to the base of (structural) model. Vibration measurement has been done by using accelerometer and analyzer. Vibration measurement has been done at the base as well as on the structure. The effect of excitation frequency on transmissibility has been studied. In addition to these, the energy transmission ratio also has been studied.

The primary objective of the research is to make a low-cost 3D concrete printer with a particular focus on the material qualities of the printed items and achieving precise material deposition. The present work also demonstrates the design and fabrication approaches of a 3D (three-dimensional) printer for concrete building purposes. The 3D printed concrete is an extraordinary kind of cement, which can be stored through a 3D printer layer by layer with no formwork backing and vibration process. Choosing suitable materials and setting printing boundaries allows it to streamline vital presentation records, such as functionality, setting and solidifying time, and mechanical qualities. Until now, 3D printed significant technology has successfully printed many structures, some of which have even achieved their intended purposes. The work’s flexibility also allows for integrating additional features based on user requirements and specific situations. This adaptability ensures the system can evolve and address emerging needs or technological advancements. This article examines the development of 3D-printed concrete in terms of usefulness, mechanical qualities, and construction plan in order to display it fully with a reasonable cost. Also, the existing uses and potential advancements of 3D-printed concrete are evaluated.

The RGO/ZnO nanocomposite material was created using an easy, low-cost hydrothermal process. Due to their excellent mechanical stability and electrical conductivity, metal oxide nanoparticles demonstrated good pseudo-capacitance and electrochemical stability. The cycle's reversibility has been enhanced in the 0–0.6 V potential range. At a current density of 4 Ag−1, the RGO/ZnO nanocomposite showed a specific capacitance of 123 F/g. Both in cyclic voltammetry and charge and discharge cycles, the materials maintained their cyclic stability for up to 500 cycles. The insertion of RGO in the ZnO moiety was found to boost the conductivity and stability of ZnO nanoparticles. The charge transfer property was improved and the RGO/ZnO nanocomposite material demonstrated excellent reversible and symmetrical charge–discharge current.

In this research, the thermodynamic analysis of a solar cabinet dryer was examined by drying tendu leaves using a zigzag air heater. The experiment was performed in the summer season at Bhubaneswar, India (20.2961°N, 85.8245°E). The main objective of this research is to reduce the drying time by increasing the rate of production. We have adopted rotation of tray approach to solve the problem of non-uniform drying. Supplementary baffles have also been added to the zigzag air heater to enhance surface area and smooth the air flow. The findings show that the necessary moisture content of the tendu leaves was attained in 4 h 40 min using the zigzag air heater, but it took 6 h using the flat plate air heater whereas it required more than 2–3 sunny days in open sun drying. According to the data, utilizing of zigzag air heater increased the average air heater output temperature by 3.87% while increasing the average exergy efficiency value by 11.69%. The average energy efficiency of the air heater and drying chamber was found to be 76.37 and 28.37% in case of zigzag air heater and 61.62 and 21.12% in case of flat plate air heater respectively. The total efficiency of the system was determined to be 16.32% when utilizing the zigzag air heater, but it was 15.55% when using a flat plate air heater.

The variation of different parameters of the process as well as the different parameters of the system such as time of reaction, superficial gas velocity of the fluid, bed height in static condition can affect the kinetics of the reaction. Thus, affecting the overall yield and overall conversion of the FBR system by developing a MATLAB programme. The developed MATLAB coding on the basis of the reactor system in which ammoxidation of propylene with air was done to produce acrylonitrile. As MATLAB gives the detailed knowledge of the reaction kinetics of a fluidized bed reactor so, with the help of that the parametric variation of conversion and reaction rate constant has been predicted. Thus, one can optimize the process by selecting proper dimensions of a reactor which saves energy with the improved efficiency.

In recent decades, the combination of numerous national and international pressures has led to slow and unforeseen changes in the way that the world’s agrifood markets function and are structured. The transition to sustainable agriculture and food systems has become essential to manage a global agrifood market effectively for supporting expected population growth and to ensure universal access to sufficient, safe, and nutritious food for all. This is due to the Unsustainable current agrifood production, processing, distribution, and consumption patterns as well as the inadequate governance of the entire food system. A new agriculture with new dangers is being created as a result of the significant changes in the agricultural sectors and the swift change in the business climate. And in order to access and manage many of these risks effectively, new strategies and viewpoints are needed. Hence, in this paper a study is carried on to find the most important challenges in agribusiness for Odisha-based farmers. Then the Operational Competitiveness Rating multi-criteria decision making method is used to rank the challenges of agribusiness.