nach oben

Energy, Ecology and Environment

25.02.2024 | Original Article

Development of sustainable slag-based alkali-activated concrete incorporating fly ash at ambient curing conditions

verfasst von: Shashwati Soumya Pradhan, Umesh Mishra, Sushant Kumar Biswal, Parveen Jangra

Erschienen in: Energy, Ecology and Environment

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config

KI-gestützte Suche

Aus

Abstract

To accomplish environmental sustainability and reduce carbon emission, the construction industry needs to adopt waste industrial by-products as construction materials. To resolve this issue, this study investigated the strength and durability performance of alkali-activated concrete (AAC) using industrial waste products such as ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) and fly ash (FA). In AAC, GGBS was the major precursor and partially substituted with FA at 0 to 30% and the AAC mixes were prepared for 10 M and 12 M. Ambient curing is adopted here to make it convenient for in situ applications. The factors under investigation include setting time, slump, compressive strength and durability properties. The outcome of the test results shows that the setting time and slump increase with an increase in FA content in AAC. The water absorption, apparent porosity, permeable void and sorptivity values increase with an increase in FA concentration. In contrast, increasing the molar ratio from 10 to 12 M improves the durability of AAC mix. The acid resistance of GGBS-based AAC improves by using a higher amount of FA. Also, an increased molar ratio led to higher resistance against carbonation, chloride ion penetration and acid attack. In addition, the scanning electron microscope is utilized to investigate the microstructural characteristics. The outcome of this study could potentially contribute to improving the durability of AAC and exploration to protect measures of AAC in aggressive environments.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 102.000 Bücher
über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 67.000 Bücher
über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Ahmad S, Bahraq AA, Shaqraa AA, Khalid HR, Al-Gadhib AH, Maslehuddin M (2022) Effects of key factors on the compressive strength of metakaolin and limestone powder-based alkali-activated concrete mixtures: an experimental and statistical study. Case Stud Constr Mater 16:e00915. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2022.e00915CrossRef

Alonso S, Palomo A (2001) Alkaline activation of metakaolin and calcium hydroxide mixtures: influence of temperature, activator concentration and solids ratio. Mater Lett 47:55–62. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-577X(00)00212-3CrossRef

Aperador W, Mejía de Gutiérrez R, Bastidas DM (2009) Steel corrosion behaviour in carbonated alkali-activated slag concrete. Corros Sci 51:2027–2033. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2009.05.033CrossRef

Assi L, Ghahari SA, Deaver EE, Leaphart D, Ziehl P (2016) Improvement of the early and final compressive strength of fly ash-based geopolymer concrete at ambient conditions. Constr Build Mater 123:806–813. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.07.069CrossRef

Assi LN, Carter K, Deaver E, Ziehl P (2020) Review of availability of source materials for geopolymer/sustainable concrete. J Clean Prod 263:121477. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.121477CrossRef

ASTM C1202 (2012) Standard test method for electrical Indication of concrete’s ability to resist chloride ion penetration. Am Soc Test Mater 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1520/C1202-12.2

ASTM C1585-04 (2004) Standard test method for measurement of rate of absorption of water by hydraulic cement concretes. Am Soc Test Mater 4: 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1520/C1585-20

ASTM C642 (2013) Standard test method for density, absorption, and voids in hardened concrete, American Society for Testing and Materials

Athira VS, Bahurudeen A, Saljas M, Jayachandran K (2021) Influence of different curing methods on mechanical and durability properties of alkali activated binders. Constr Build Mater 299:123963. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.123963CrossRef

Basheer L, Kropp J, Cleland DJ (2001) Assessment of the durability of concrete from its permeation properties: a review. Construct Build Mater 15(2–3):93–103. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0950-0618(00)00058-1CrossRef

Benalia S, Zeghichi L, Benghazi Z (2022) A comparative study of metakaolin/slag-based geopolymer mortars incorporating natural and recycled sands. Civ Eng J 8:1622–1638CrossRef

Bernal SA, Provis JL, Rose V, Mejía De Gutierrez R (2011) Evolution of binder structure in sodium silicate-activated slag-metakaolin blends. Cem Concr Compos 33:46–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2010.09.004CrossRef

Bernal SA, Bílek V, Criado M et al. (2014). Durability and testing–degradation via mass transport. Alkali Activated Materials. In: State-of-the-Art Report, RILEM TC 224-AAM, 223-276..

Bhardwaj B, Kumar P (2019) Comparative study of geopolymer and alkali activated slag concrete comprising waste foundry sand. Constr Build Mater 209:555–565. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.03.107CrossRef

Bouaissi A, Li LY, Abdullah MMAB, Bui QB (2019) Mechanical properties and microstructure analysis of FA-GGBS-HMNS based geopolymer concrete. Construct Build Mater 210:198–209. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.03.202CrossRef

Bramha Chari KJ, Ranga Rao V (2022) Durability and microstructure characteristics of concrete with supplementary cementitious materials. Civ Eng, J 8:683–694CrossRef

Cheah CB, Samsudin MH, Ramli M, Part WK, Tan LE (2017) The use of high calcium wood ash in the preparation of ground granulated last furnace slag and pulverized fly ash geopolymers: a complete microstructural and mechanical characterization. J Clean Prod 156:114–123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.04.026CrossRef

Chi M, Chen H, Weng T, Huanf R, Wang Y (2017) Durability of alkali-activated fly ash/slag concrete. Mater Sci Forum 904 MSF:157–161. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.904.157CrossRef

Darsanasiri AGND, Matalkah F, Ramli S, Al-Jalode K, Balachandra A, Soroushian P (2018) Ternary alkali aluminosilicate cement based on rice husk ash, slag and coal fly ash. J Build Eng 19:36–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2018.04.020CrossRef

Dave SV, Bhogayata A, Arora NK (2021) Mix design optimization for fresh, strength and durability properties of ambient cured alkali activated composite by Taguchi method. Constr Build Mater 284:122822. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.122822CrossRef

Elahi MMA, Hossain MM, Karim MR, Zain MFM, Shearer C (2020) A review on alkali-activated binders: materials composition and fresh properties of concrete. Construct Build Mater 260:119788. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.119788CrossRef

Elyamany HE, Abd Elmoaty AEM, Elshaboury AM (2018) Magnesium sulfate resistance of geopolymer mortar. Constr Build Mater 184:111–127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.06.212CrossRef

Emmanuel J (2016) Experimental investigation of alkali activated slag and fly ash based geopolymer concrete. Int J Eng Res Technol 4:1–29

Fang G, Ho WK, Tu W, Zhang M (2018) Workability and mechanical properties of alkali-activated fly ash-slag concrete cured at ambient temperature. Constr Build Mater 172:476–487. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.04.008CrossRef

Hadi MNS, Farhan NA, Sheikh MN (2017) Design of geopolymer concrete with GGBFS at ambient curing condition using Taguchi method. Constr Build Mater 140:424–431. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.02.131CrossRef

Hardjito D, Wallah SE, Sumajouw DMJ, Rangan BV (2005) Fly ash-based geopolymer concrete. Aust J Struct Eng 6:77–86. https://doi.org/10.1080/13287982.2005.11464946CrossRef

Hardjito D, Cheak CC, Lee Ing CH (2008) Strength and setting times of low calcium fly ash-based geopolymer mortar. Mod Appl Sci 2:3–11. https://doi.org/10.5539/mas.v2n4p3CrossRef

Herath C, Gunasekara C, Law DW, Setunge S (2020) Performance of high volume fly ash concrete incorporating additives: a systematic literature review. Constr Build Mater 258:120606. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.120606CrossRef

Hossain MM, Karim MR, Elahi MMA, Zain MFM (2020) Water absorption and sorptivity of alkali-activated ternary blended composite binder. J Build Eng 31:101370. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2020.101370CrossRef

Huseien GF, Shah KW (2020) Durability and life cycle evaluation of self-compacting concrete containing fly ash as GBFS replacement with alkali activation. Constr Build Mater 235:117458. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.117458CrossRef

IS: 516 (Part 1/Sec 1) Indian Standard (2021) Hardened concrete–Methods of test, Part 1 testing of strength of hardened concrete, Section 1 Compressive, Flexural and Split Tensile Strength. Bur Indian Stand New Dehli

Jambhulkar HP, Shaikh SMS, Kumar MS (2018) Fly ash toxicity, emerging issues and possible implications for its exploitation in agriculture; Indian scenario: a review. Chemosphere 213:333–344. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.09.045CrossRefPubMedADS

Khan MNN, Kuri JC, Sarker PK (2021) Effect of waste glass powder as a partial precursor in ambient cured alkali activated fly ash and fly ash-GGBFS mortars. J Build Eng 34:101934. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2020.101934CrossRef

Khatib JM, Hibbert JJ (2005) Selected engineering properties of concrete incorporating slag and metakaolin. Constr Build Mater 19:460–472. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2004.07.017CrossRef

Kumar S, Kumar R, Mehrotra SP (2010) Influence of granulated blast furnace slag on the reaction, structure and properties of fly ash based geopolymer. J Mater Sci 45:607–615. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-009-3934-5CrossRefADS

Lavanya G, Jegan J (2015) Durability study on high calcium fly ash based geopolymer concrete. Adv Mater Sci Eng. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/731056CrossRef

Li Z, Li S (2018) Carbonation resistance of fly ash and blast furnace slag based geopolymer concrete. Constr Build Mater 163:668–680. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.12.127CrossRef

Li C, Sun H, Li L (2010) A review: the comparison between alkali-activated slag (Si + Ca) and metakaolin (Si + Al) cements. Cem Concr Res 40:1341–1349. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2010.03.020CrossRef

Lin Chan C, Zhang M (2023) Effect of limestone on engineering properties of alkali-activated concrete: a review. Constr Build Mater 362:129709. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2022.129709CrossRef

Madandoust R, Mousavi SY (2012) Fresh and hardened properties of self-compacting concrete containing metakaolin. Constr Build Mater 35:752–760. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2012.04.109CrossRef

Masi G, Filipponi A, Bignozzi MC (2021) Fly ash-based one-part alkali activated mortars cured at room temperature: effect of precursor pre-treatments. Open Ceram 8:100178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceram.2021.100178CrossRef

Mehta A, Siddique R (2017a) Properties of low-calcium fly ash based geopolymer concrete incorporating OPC as partial replacement of fly ash. Constr Build Mater 150:792–807. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.06.067CrossRef

Mehta A, Siddique R (2017b) Sulfuric acid resistance of fly ash based geopolymer concrete. Constr Build Mater 146:136–143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.04.077CrossRef

Mengasini L, Mavroulidou M, Gunn MJ (2021) Alkali-activated concrete mixes with ground granulated blast furnace slag and paper sludge ash in seawater environments. Sustain Chem Pharm 20:100380. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scp.2021.100380CrossRef

Nanayakkara O, Gunasekara C, Sandanayake M, Law DW, Nguyen K, Xia J, Setunge S (2021) Alkali activated slag concrete incorporating recycled aggregate concrete: long term performance and sustainability aspect. Construct Build Mater 271:121512. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.121512CrossRef

Nath P, Sarker PK (2014) Effect of GGBFS on setting, workability and early strength properties of fly ash geopolymer concrete cured in ambient condition. Constr Build Mater 66:163–171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.05.080CrossRef

Nistratov AV, Klimenko NN, Pustynnikov IV, Vu LK (2022) Thermal regeneration and reuse of carbon and glass fibers from waste composites. Emerg Sci J 6:967–984CrossRef

Nuaklong P, Sata V, Chindaprasirt P (2016) Influence of recycled aggregate on fly ash geopolymer concrete properties. J Clean Product 112:2300–2307. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.10.109CrossRef

Ou Z, Feng R, Li F, Liu G, Li N (2022) Development of drying shrinkage model for alkali-activated slag concrete. Constr Build Mater 323:126556. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2022.126556CrossRef

Parthiban D, Vijayan DS, Sanjay RK, Santhu AP, Cherian GA, Ashiq M (2020) Performance evaluation of Fly ash based GPC with partial replacement of RHA as a cementitious material. In: Materials Today: Proceedings. Elsevier Ltd, pp 550–558 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.05.244

Pradhan SS (2021) Silpozz and steel slag on mechanical properties of concrete. Springer, Singapore, pp 451–459

Pradhan SS, Mishra U, Biswal SK, Jangra P, Pham TM, Arora S, Lim YY (2022) Effects of crumb rubber inclusion on strength, permeability, and acid attack resistance of alkali-activated concrete incorporating different industrial wastes. Struct Concr 23:3616–3630. https://doi.org/10.1002/suco.202100640CrossRef

Pradhan SS, Mishra U, Biswal SK, Pramanik S, Jangra P, Aslani F (2023b) Effects of rice husk ash on strength and durability performance of slag-based alkali-activated concrete. Struct Concr. https://doi.org/10.1002/SUCO.202300173CrossRef

Pradhan SS, Mishra U, Biswal SK, Parveen, (2023c) Mechanical and microstructural study of slag based alkali activated concrete incorporating RHA. Constr Build Mater 400:1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2023.132685CrossRef

Pradhan SS, Pramanik S, Mishra U, Biswal SK, Thapa S (2023d) Effect of RHA on mechanical properties of GGBS based alkali activated concrete: an experimental and statistical modelling. Russ J Nondestruct Test 59:767–784. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1061830923600375CrossRef

Pradhan SS, Mishra U, Biswal SK (2023a) Influence of RHA on strength and durability properties of alkali activated concrete. In: Materials Today: Proceedings. Elsevier Ltd, pp 3–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2023.03.504

Pramanik S, Pradhan SS, Mishra U (2022) Effect of fly ash inclusion on fresh and hardened properties of concrete: a Review. Springer, Singapore, pp 505–516

Provis JL, Myers RJ, White CE, Rose V, Deventer JSJV (2012) X-ray microtomography shows pore structure and tortuosity in alkali-activated binders. Cem Concr Res 42:855–864. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2012.03.004CrossRef

Puertas F, MartõÂnez-RamõÂrez S, Alonso S, VaÂzquez T (2000) Rate of the miniemulsion polymerization costabilized by pre-polymer PMMA. Cem Concr Res 30:1625–1623. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0008-8846(00)00298-2CrossRef

Rafeet A, Vinai R, Soutsos M, Sha W (2017) Guidelines for mix proportioning of fly ash/GGBS based alkali activated concretes. Constr Build Mater 147:130–142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.04.036CrossRef

Ridtirud C, Chindaprasirt P, Pimraksa K (2011) Factors affecting the shrinkage of fly ash geopolymers. Int J Miner Metall Mater 18:100–104. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-011-0407-zCrossRef

Saloni P, Pham TM, Lim YY, Malekzadeh M (2021) Effect of pre-treatment methods of crumb rubber on strength, permeability and acid attack resistance of rubberised geopolymer concrete. J Am Dent Assoc 41:102448. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2021.102448CrossRef

Samson G, Cyr M, Gao XX (2017) Formulation and characterization of blended alkali-activated materials based on flash-calcined metakaolin, fly ash and GGBS. Constr Build Mater 144:50–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.03.160CrossRef

Shaikh FUA (2014) Effects of alkali solutions on corrosion durability of geopolymer concrete. Adv Concr Constr 2:109–123CrossRef

Shaikuthali SA, Mannan MA, Dawood ET, Teo DCL, Ahmadi R, Ismail I (2019) Workability and compressive strength properties of normal weight concrete using high dosage of fly ash as cement replacement. J Build Pathol Rehabil 4:1–7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41024-019-0065-5CrossRef

Song W, Zhu Z, Pu S, Wan Y, Huo W, Song S, Zhang J, Yao K, Hu L (2020) Efficient use of steel slag in alkali-activated fly ash-steel slag-ground granulated blast furnace slag ternary blends. Constr Build Mater 259:119814. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.119814CrossRef

Standard B (2016) BS EN 196–3:2016 Methods of testing cement. Determination of setting times and soundness, British Standards Institution–Publication Index | NBS. 1–18

Sufian Badar M, Kupwade-Patil K, Bernal SA, Provis JL, Allouche EN (2014) Corrosion of steel bars induced by accelerated carbonation in low and high calcium fly ash geopolymer concretes. Constr Build Mater 61:79–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.03.015CrossRef

Tanu HM, Unnikrishnan S (2022) Utilization of industrial and agricultural waste materials for the development of geopolymer concrete-A review. Mater Today Proc 65:1290–1297. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2022.04.192CrossRef

Tanu HM, Unnikrishnan S (2023) Mechanical strength and microstructure of GGBS-SCBA based geopolymer concrete. J Mater Res Technol 24:7816–7831. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2023.05.051CrossRef

Thunuguntla CS, Rao GTD (2018) Effect of mix design parameters on mechanical and durability properties of alkali activated slag concrete. Constr Build Mater 193:173–188. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.10.189CrossRef

VicRoads (2007) Technical Note 89: Test methods for the assessment of durability of concrete. In: 23rd ARRB conference–Research partnering with practitioners, Adelaide Australia, 2008

Wan X, Hou D, Zhao T, Wang L (2017) Insights on molecular structure and micro-properties of alkali-activated slag materials: a reactive molecular dynamics study. Constr Build Mater 139:430–437. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.02.049CrossRef

Xia J, Setunge S (2021) Alkali activated slag concrete incorporating recycled aggregate concrete: long term performance and sustainability aspect. Constr Build Mater 271:121512. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.121512CrossRef

Yaragal SC, Chethan Kumar B, Jitin C (2019) Durability studies on ferrochrome slag as coarse aggregate in sustainable alkali activated slag/fly ash based concretes. Sustain Mater Technol 23:e00137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.susmat.2019.e00137CrossRef

Zhang G, Yang H, Ju C, Yang Y (2020a) Novel selection of environment-friendly cementitious materials for winter construction: alkali-activated slag/Portland cement. J Clean Prod 258:120592. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.120592CrossRef

Zhang J, Ma Y, Zheng J, Zheng J, Hu J, Fu J, Zhang Z, Wang H (2020b) Chloride diffusion in alkali-activated fly ash/slag concretes: role of slag content, water/binder ratio, alkali content and sand-aggregate ratio. Constr Build Mater 261:119940. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.119940CrossRef

Zhang P, Gao Z, Wang J, Guo J, Hu S, Ling Y (2020c) Properties of fresh and hardened fly ash/slag based geopolymer concrete: a review. J Clean Prod 270:122389. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.122389CrossRef

Zhu H, Zhang Z, Zhu Y, Tian L (2014) Durability of alkali-activated fly ash concrete: chloride penetration in pastes and mortars. Constr Build Mater 65:51–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.04.110CrossRef

Titel: Development of sustainable slag-based alkali-activated concrete incorporating fly ash at ambient curing conditions
verfasst von: Shashwati Soumya Pradhan
Umesh Mishra
Sushant Kumar Biswal
Parveen Jangra
Publikationsdatum: 25.02.2024
Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in: Energy, Ecology and Environment
Print ISSN: 2363-7692
Elektronische ISSN: 2363-8338
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40974-024-00319-7