The Impacts of Offshore Oil Spills on Marine Life and Humans and Solutions

At present, marine pollution has gradually become a big issue of environmental pollution, in addition to the pollution caused by plastic waste, marine oil spills are also a very serious source of pollution. Oil spill can not only cause large-scale pollution of ocean, but also continue to affect for a long time. This article mainly analyzes the composition of oil and discuss the influence of oil spill impacts on fish, seabirds and humans. Proposes four relatively common oil spill treatment plans, including booms, skimmers, burning and using dispersant, and summarizes the policies issued by the government for the oil spill in 1973. For petroleum, the main component is hydrocarbon organic. In addition to the influence of volatile substances, the leakage of aromatic hydrocarbon (PHAs) into the seawater will cause lesions in the eyes and reproductive systems of fish and soft vertebrates. In addition, the components left on the surface of seawater will also lead to birds who live in the polluted or surrounding area get persecution and result in heavy feathers or accidental ingestion of oil during feather trimming and death. Secondly, the pollution of seawater will also cause some oil components to remain in the body of marine organisms and through the food chain the accumulated toxic components will affect humans. In addition, the contamination of seafood can also have an economic impact on the people who live by the sea and feed on the sea. Although relative institutions have made correlated policies to prevent and solve the oil spill, oil spills are still happening and bring influence on environment. Therefore, it is significant to analyze oil spills effects and increase people awareness of ocean protection.