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2024 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

20. Crystals

verfasst von : Giulio Armando Ottonello

Erschienen in: Quantum Geochemistry

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

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Abstract

The treatment of natural crystals cannot be very comprehensive, for obvious reasons, and I limit myself to some rock-forming minerals and to some phases of peculiar interest in Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry, that received the dedicated attention of Quantum Chemists.

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Fußnoten
1
The adjective term “allotrope” is deserved to elements, the corresponding term “polymorph” is more appropriate for chemically complex substances.
 
2
Since V is fixed and the total energy E = kBT + PV, a decrease of T corresponds to an increase of P.
 
3
Generated by hydrothermal deposition from SiO2-saturated solutions.
 
4
The anharmonicity of Si is quite pronounced (cf. Brazhkin et al. 2000; and references therein), and the anharmonicity contribution to entropy is definitely non-negligible even at low T.
 
5
Occasionally found as well in calcareous ejecta of the Monte Somma-Vesuvius.
 
6
In Oganov and Dorogupets (2003), a pressure shift of about − 7.7 GPa to the calculated static pressures is introduced to account for the systematic overestimation of lattice parameters by GGA (~1–2%) and to match the experimental unit cell volume in ambient conditions. In Wu et al. (2008), a more limited pressure correction is applied to account for the systematic underestimation of volume by LDA (~0.6%) and to reproduce better the experimental results at low pressure.
 
7
In this case, the end member components were seven: MgAl2O4, FeAl2O4, NiAl2O4, MgFe2O4, FeFe2O4, MgCr2O4, FeCr2O4 (Della Giusta and Ottonello 1993).
 
8
The lattice vectors for both the normal and inverse spinel were kept to be cubic while relaxing the internal structural parameters.
 
9
When K′ is set to 4, the third-order Birch–Murnaghan EoS reduces to the second degree.
 
10
From the Greek μαγνήτης λίθος (magnétes líthos), (Magnesia stone) from the name of an old Asia Minor locality where magnetite deposits were abundant in the antiquity (now Manisa, or Manissa, Turkey).
 
11
Actually, a Lodestone is Fe3O4 with inclusions of cubic Fe2O3 (Maghemite).
 
12
Magnetite, present as accessory phase in progressively cooling Mid-Ocean Ridge Basalts (MORB), becomes antiferrimagnetic when passing through the Curie temperature and orients itself parallel to the background geomagnetic field vector, whose direction becomes thus permanently frozen. See to this purpose the pioneering work of Koenigsberger (1938a, b).
 
13
The observation of Penicaud et al. (1992) concerning the “localized electron” finds its roots in the pioneering work of Mott and Twose (1961) and Mott (1967). The B site of Penicaud et al. (1992) is the M site in our terminology, and the A site is the T site.
 
14
Note that I changed sign to the original equation.
 
15
I consider the adjective “qualitative” adopted by the Authors as too crude, for the complexity of the investigated phenomena.
 
16
With wave functions treated as field operators (Dirac 1957).
 
17
A distorted-bicapped octahedron is formed by eight oxygens, with six of them in an octahedral arrangement plus two from bridging oxygens of the Si3O9 ternary rings (one above and one below the octahedron) (Yang and Prewitt 1999a).
 
Metadaten
Titel
Crystals
verfasst von
Giulio Armando Ottonello
Copyright-Jahr
2024
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-21837-8_20

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