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2024 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

19. Silicate Melts

verfasst von : Giulio Armando Ottonello

Erschienen in: Quantum Geochemistry

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

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Abstract

We have already seen that, like other fused salts, silicate melts too are ionic liquids (Sect. 16.​3.​4). In an ionic melt, coulombic forces between charges of opposite sign lead to relative short-distance ordering of ions, with anions surrounded by cations and vice versa. The probability of finding a cation replacing an anion in such ordering is effectively zero.

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Fußnoten
1
The sp3 wave function has form \({\text{N}}({\text{s}} + \sqrt 3 \times {\text{p}}_{\upsigma } )\) where N is a normalization constant, \(\lambda = \sqrt 3\) is the ratio of the orbital coefficients and pσ is one of the four sigma bonds directed toward the apexes of the tetrahedron. Because the electron density is proportional to the square of the wave function, the squared ratio of the coefficients is 3 and hence the s to p proportion is maintained.
 
2
Because symmetry operators commute in the Hamiltonian, once the structure is selected by imposing the symmetry of nuclear centers, whatever licit operation combining lines and rows does not alter the determinant and returns (at the variational limit) MOs of appropriate (though often unconsciously imposed) symmetry, but not necessarily an sp3 combination among 3s and 3p AOs of silicon and not necessarily in the 1:3 proportion.
 
3
The Watson sphere is a spherically symmetric potential imposed around the ion of interest to simulate the electrostatic potential of the surrounding ions. It was first suggested by Watson (1958) in order to stabilize free oxygen ions O2−, in order to calculate their wave function.
 
4
A simple linearity would imply I = 47.790.
 
5
A structure composed of 225 puckered pentagonal dodecahedra corresponding to 1125 SiO2 molecules.
 
6
In the PD model, the contribution of acoustic modes to the total freedom is 8.9 × 10−4, while in the approach of Ottonello et al. (2010b) is 4.8 × 10−2.
 
7
This low frequency mode is not far from the mode hypothesized by Richet (2009) through a deconvolution of experimental heat capacity of glasses of various composition, based on the inversion procedure of Grayson-Smyth and Stanley (1950) (96 cm–1).
 
8
The term “pyrolite” was coined long ago by Ringwood (1962): “It is assumed that the mantle immediately below the Mohorovicic discontinuity consists dominantly of dunire and peridotire. This passes downward into more primitive material, which is chemically equivalent to a mixture of I part of basalt to 4 parts of dunite. For convenience, this hypothetical primitive material is called ‘pyrolite.’” (Ringwood, 1962).
 
Metadaten
Titel
Silicate Melts
verfasst von
Giulio Armando Ottonello
Copyright-Jahr
2024
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-21837-8_19

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